Yes, cast iron round frying skillet pans are safe to use and are actually known for being extremely durable and versatile. They’re great for high-heat cooking, searing, frying, and even baking. However, there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure they stay in good condition and are safe:

1. Proper Seasoning: Cast iron pans need to be properly seasoned to maintain their non-stick surface and prevent rust. A well-seasoned pan can handle high temperatures and adds flavor to food. If your pan starts to rust or the seasoning wears off, you’ll need to reseason it.

2. Handling with Care: Cast iron can get extremely hot, so always use an oven mitt or pot holder when handling the pan to avoid burns.

3. Avoiding Abrasive Cleaning: After use, avoid harsh scrubbing or soaking the pan, as it can damage the seasoning. A little hot water and a stiff brush are usually enough. If you do need to clean it more thoroughly, you can reapply some oil to help maintain the seasoning.

4. Preheating: Cast iron pans should be preheated slowly, especially if they are cold. Rapid temperature changes can cause them to crack or warp.

5. Storing Properly: After use, make sure the pan is completely dry before storing it to avoid rusting. You can also apply a thin layer of oil to prevent moisture from getting in.

 

So, if you take care of it, a cast iron round frying pan is not only safe to use, but it can last for generations!

    For food factories processing sticky, viscous, or irregular products—like capers, fresh meat chunks, mustard, or pickles—weighing has always been a headache. Traditional combination weighers struggle with product sticking to hoppers (causing underweight packs and cleaning delays), while manual weighing can’t keep up with production speed and wastes raw materials. But UUPAC's Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher is designed to solve these pain points. This blog dives into its sticky-product-specific design, core features, real-world applications, and why it's a must-have for food manufacturers dealing with hard-to-handle materials.

 

What Is a Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher?

    UUPAC's Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher is a specialized automated weighing system built for irregular, poorly fluid, and sticky food products. Unlike standard 14-head weighers, it features a unique "dimple" scraper hopper design (1.3L capacity per hopper) that prevents sticky materials from adhering to surfaces. Paired with 14 independent, computer-controlled weighing heads and a high-precision control system (MCU/Siemens PLC), it delivers fast, accurate quantitative weighing—even for products that typically clog or stick to regular equipment.

 

    With a weighing range of 5-600g per batch and ±0.1g accuracy, it's ideal for small-to-medium production lines (up to 60 packs per minute) that process sticky foods, balancing efficiency with the precision needed to avoid waste and meet quality standards.

 

Why It's a Major Improvement for Sticky Food Processing?

    Sticky products like fresh meat, mustard, or pickles demand three key capabilities from a weigher: anti-stick performance, easy cleaning, and stable accuracy. The Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher checks all three boxes—here's how:

1. Dimple Scraper Hoppers: No More Sticking or Clogging

    The biggest innovation of this weigher is its 1.3L dimple scraper hoppers. The hoppers feature a textured "dimple" surface and built-in scraper mechanisms that reduce contact area between sticky products and hopper walls (preventing mustard, fresh meat, or capers from clinging), and automatically scrape residual material during each weighing cycle—ensuring no leftover product affects the next batch's accuracy.

    A pickle factory in Shandong previously used a standard 14-head weigher and spent 2 hours per shift manually scraping hoppers to remove stuck pickles. After switching to UUPAC's dimple hopper model, cleaning time dropped to 20 minutes per shift—freeing up labor for other tasks and cutting downtime by 30%.

 

2. IP65 Waterproof Design: Easy Cleaning for Food Safety

    Sticky food processing lines require frequent cleaning to meet hygiene standards (e.g., HACCP, FDA). This weigher's IP65 waterproof rating means all critical components (including the control panel and load cells) resist water and chemical cleaners. Plus, it has a "one-key clean function" that keeps all hoppers open—no need to disassemble parts to reach hard-to-clean areas.

    For a fresh meat processing plant, this translates to faster cleaning cycles (30 minutes instead of 1 hour), no risk of water damage to internal electronics (a common issue with non-waterproof weighers), and compliance with strict food safety regulations—avoiding costly audits or recalls.

 

3. ±0.1g Accuracy: Cut Waste & Avoid Customer Complaints

    Sticky products are prone to uneven weighing—too little and you risk regulatory fines; too much and you waste expensive ingredients (like fresh cuts of meat or imported capers). The Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher uses two key technologies to maintain precision: special high-standard load cells that detect even tiny weight variations (down to 0.1g) to ensure each batch hits the target weight, and a professional A/D card that converts weight data into digital signals quickly and stably—avoiding errors caused by product stickiness or vibration.

  

Ideal Applications: Which Sticky Foods Work Best?

    This weigher is tailored to food products that challenge standard weighers. For capers (pickled) with a target weight range of 10g–30g, it reaches 55–60 packs per minute, and its dimple hoppers prevent brine-induced sticking. For fresh meat chunks (50g–200g), it operates at 40–50 packs per minute, with the IP65 waterproof design handling meat juices effectively. Mustard (paste) in 5g–50g portions sees speeds of 50–55 packs per minute, thanks to high-precision load cells that avoid overpacking. Pickles (sliced or whole) in 30g–100g batches run at 45–50 packs per minute, and the scraper mechanism eliminates residual pickles. Even powdered sugar (prone to clumping) in 15g–80g amounts hits 50–60 packs per minute, as anti-noise PVC parts reduce clump-related errors.

 

Why Choose UUPAC's Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher?

    Beyond its sticky-product design, UUPAC adds value with practical perks that save time and money. It's ready in stock—no waiting for production; order today and ship from Shanghai, Ningbo, or Guangzhou ports within 3 days. The modular electronic system means if a part needs replacing (e.g., a hopper or sensor), costs stay low and downtime is short (usually under 4 hours). The HMI lets you set different access levels (e.g., operators can't change weight parameters), preventing human error. Plus, UUPAC sends technicians to your factory to train your team on operation and cleaning—no extra fees.

 

Conclusion

    If your food factory struggles with weighing sticky, irregular products, UUPAC's Dimple 14 Head Computer Combination Weigher isn't just an upgrade—it's a solution to cut waste, speed up production, and stay compliant. Its dimple hoppers, waterproof design, and precision technology are built for the unique challenges of sticky food processing, while its compact size and modular maintenance fit small-to-medium factories.

 

    Ready to see it work for your product? Please contact UUPAC today for more information. Stop letting sticky products slow you down—choose a weigher that's designed for your needs.

    Powdered products—from daily staples like flour and milk powder to industrial materials like pesticides and dyes—present unique packaging challenges: they're prone to flying, easy to absorb moisture, and require strict weighing accuracy to avoid waste or quality issues. For businesses, choosing a reliable fully automatic powder weighing & packing machine isn't just about buying equipment—it's about securing a stable production line, reducing costs, and ensuring product consistency.​

   

    Anhui UUPAC Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., a China-based manufacturer specializing in packaging solutions, has designed a Fully Automatic Intelligent Powder Weighing & Packing Machine that addresses these pain points. Below, we'll break down the key factors to consider when selecting such equipment, and how UUPAC's solution aligns with these needs.

 

• Key Factors to Choose a Reliable Powder Weighing & Packing Machine​

Factor 1: Material Compatibility – Can It Handle Your Specific Powder?​

    The first question to ask is: Does the machine fit the type of powder I need to package? Different powders have varying properties—flour is fine and easy to fly, milk powder is hygroscopic, and pesticide powder requires anti-corrosion design. A reliable machine should cover multiple scenarios without compromising performance.​

UUPAC's machine excels here: it's engineered for quantitative weighing and packaging of over 20 types of powdered products, including:​

• Food-grade powders: Flour, milk powder, cocoa powder, solid beverage mixes, granulated sugar, MSG.​
• Agricultural/feed powders: Feed stuff, glucose (for livestock).​
• Industrial/chemical powders: Veterinary drugs, powdered additives, toner powder, talcum powder, pesticides, dyes, flavors, and fragrances.​

This versatility means businesses don't need to invest in separate machines for different product lines—saving space and budget.

 

Factor 2: Weighing & Filling Accuracy – The Core of Powder Packaging​

    For powdered products, even a tiny deviation in weight can lead to customer complaints (e.g., underfilled milk powder) or significant waste (e.g., overfilled flour). High accuracy is non-negotiable, and it depends on the machine's core components.​

 

UUPAC ensures precision through thoughtful design:​

• Servo Motor-Driven Screw: The filling system uses a servo motor to control the screw conveyor, which enables accurate positioning, fast speed, and adjustable RPM. Unlike traditional motors, servo motors reduce vibration and ensure consistent filling volume, even for fine powders.​
• Exquisite Screw Workmanship: The screw (the part that transports powder) is precision-machined to avoid powder accumulation or blockage. This not only maintains accuracy but also reduces cleaning time.​
• Auger Filter & Easy-Clean Silo: The machine is equipped with an auger filter to prevent foreign particles from mixing into the product, while the storage silo is designed for easy disassembly and cleaning—critical for food-grade or pharmaceutical powders that require strict hygiene.​

 

Factor 3: Automation & Intelligence – Reduce Labor and Waste​

    Fully automatic doesn't just mean "no manual packing"—it means the machine can self-monitor and avoid errors to cut unnecessary costs. A smart machine should minimize material waste and labor intervention.​

 

UUPAC's machine integrates practical intelligent functions:​

• Automatic Error Detection: If the packaging bag is not opened or not fully opened, the machine will stop feeding and heat sealing immediately. This prevents powder from being dumped onto the production line (reducing waste) and avoids sealing empty or incomplete bags (saving film and labor for rework).​
• Full-System Automation: The entire line combines a Vertical Form-Fill-Seal (VFFS) machine, screw conveyor, and auger filter—no need for manual transfer of powder or bags.

 

• UUPAC's Solution: More Than a Machine, a Complete Packaging Partner​

    Choosing UUPAC isn't just about buying a powder weighing & packing machine—it's about getting a one-stop solution tailored to your production needs. Here's what else sets UUPAC apart:​

• Ready-to-Ship & Flexible Ordering​

• MOQ = 1 Unit: Whether you're a small bakery or a large food factory, you can order a single machine to test or scale up.​
• Convenient Logistics: Shipping ports include Shanghai, Ningbo, and Guangzhou—easy access to global markets, with support for custom logistics solutions.​

 

• Comprehensive Supporting Equipment​

    UUPAC doesn't stop at powder packing machines. It offers a full range of supporting equipment to build a seamless production line:​

• Conveying Equipment: Screw conveyors (ideal for powders), Z-bucket conveyors, and finished product conveyors.​
• Detection Equipment: Check weighers (to verify final product weight), metal detectors, and X-ray detectors (for food safety compliance).​
• Multihead Weighers: 10-head, 14-head, 20-head, or 32-head options for granular or irregular products (e.g., nuts, candies)—perfect if you expand beyond powders later.​

 

• Conclusion: UUPAC–Your Reliable Partner for Powder Packaging​

    When choosing a fully automatic powder weighing & packing machine, don't just look at price—focus on compatibility, accuracy, automation, and stability. UUPAC's machine checks all these boxes, with the added benefits of versatility, fast delivery, and global support. ​Whether you're packaging flour for a local bakery, milk powder for a dairy brand, or pesticides for an agricultural company, UUPAC's solution is designed to grow with your business.​

    Ready to optimize your powder packaging line? Contact UUPAC today to get more information if you're interested.

    For manufacturers dealing with granular, irregular, or small-batch products—from nuts and candies to hardware fasteners and frozen dumplings—production bottlenecks often hide in the gap between weighing and packing. Traditional separate processes (e.g., manual weighing + semi-automatic packing) lead to slow throughput, inconsistent weights, and wasted labor. But a well-designed high-speed weighing and packing system, like UUPAC's Typical Weighing Packing Checking & Detecting Solution, integrates these steps into a seamless workflow. This guide breaks down how such systems boost output, their key components, real-world applications, and how to choose the right one for your production line.

 

1. First: What Products Benefit Most from UUPAC's System?

    A high-speed weighing and packing system isn't a "one-size-fits-all" tool—it shines when paired with products that demand speed and precision. UUPAC's solution is tailored to 4 core product categories, covering most high-volume production needs:

 

• Snacks & Dried Foods: Nuts (walnuts, almonds, pistachios), dried fruits (blueberries, red dates, raisins), candies, popcorn, potato chips, and pasta. These products often require gentle handling (to avoid breakage) and precise portioning (to cut overpack waste).
• Pet Food: Granular or small-bite pet food, where consistency in each pack ensures customer trust and reduces material costs.
• Frozen Foods: Dumplings, chicken wings, glutinous rice balls, and beef balls. The system's stable operation handles cold, slightly sticky frozen products without jams.
• Hardware & Plastics: Small metal items (nails, bolts, screws, rivets) and plastic particles. These products need accurate counting + weighing to avoid underpacking (which risks returns) or overpacking (which wastes materials).

 

    This wide applicability means you won't need separate systems for different product lines—one UUPAC setup can switch between snacks and hardware with simple adjustments.

 

2. 3 Core Ways UUPAC's System Maximizes Your Output

    The goal of a high-speed weighing and packing system is to eliminate delays, reduce errors, and keep your line running smoothly. UUPAC's solution achieves this with 3 design-driven advantages:

① Fully Coordinated Automatic Control (No More "Wait Time")

    Traditional lines often have mismatched speeds: a weigher that can handle 60 packs/min paired with a packager that does 80 packs/min, or vice versa—creating backlogs. UUPAC's system uses centralized control to sync every step:

It starts with auto-feeding (via the Z-type bucket conveyor) that adjusts to the weigher's speed, so there's no product shortage or overflow.

If no packaging bags are detected, the system pauses filling and sealing automatically ("no bags, no fill")—avoiding product spills and rework.

 

② Stable Operation + Low Energy Use (Less Downtime)

Downtime kills output. UUPAC's system minimizes stops with:

• A balanced working platform: The design keeps the weigher, packager, and conveyors aligned, reducing vibration that causes jams or inaccurate weights. This stability means the system can run 8+ hours continuously without manual adjustments.
• Energy-efficient components: The system uses only as much power as needed (e.g., slowing feeders when the weigher's hoppers are full), cutting electricity costs by 15% compared to older, less efficient setups. 

 

③ Wide Weighing Range + High Accuracy (No Wasted Product)

    Output isn't just about speed—it's about producing sellable packs. UUPAC's system uses a 10/14 Head Computer Weigher (the core of the setup) to deliver:

• A large weighing range: It handles small portions (e.g., 5g of candy) to larger batches (e.g., 500g of whole grains), so you don't need a separate weigher for different pack sizes.
• Precise weighing: The multi-head design combines weights from independent hoppers to hit target weights with minimal error, reducing overpack waste.

 

3. Breakdown of UUPAC's System Components (What Makes It Work)

    UUPAC's Typical Weighing Packing System is built from 5 essential units (plus 2 optional detectors) that work together to maximize efficiency. Each part has a clear role in keeping the line moving, and their coordination ensures no bottlenecks:

① Z-type Bucket Conveyor

② 10/14 Head Computer Weigher

③ Working Platform

④ VFFS (Vertical Form-Fill-Seal Machine)

⑤ Finished Product Conveyor

⑥ Optional Automatic Check Weigher

⑦ Optional Metal Detector/X-Ray Detector

 

Conclusion

    A high-speed weighing and packing system isn't just an equipment upgrade—it's an investment in higher output, lower waste, and less stress. UUPAC's Typical Weighing Packing System stands out because it's designed for real-world production needs: wide product compatibility, stable operation, and flexible components that grow with your business.

    If you're tired of production line slowdowns, contact us to learn how our system will maximize your output.

    For manufacturers working with mixed materials—whether oatmeal blends, mixed nuts, or small-batch coffee-bean combinations—finding a reliable high accuracy 20 head computer weigher supplier means partnering with someone who solves your unique mixing-related pain points. Generic weighers often struggle with inconsistent accuracy (due to material density differences) or clunky integration (needing extra pre-mixing steps). A true supplier should deliver solutions tailored to these challenges, not just sell equipment. UUPAC's High Speed Mixing 20 Head 1.6/2.5L Combination Weigher is designed to fit mixed material workflows. Below's what to expect from a supplier that prioritizes your production needs—and how this model aligns with those expectations.

 

1. Verifiable High Accuracy, Tailored to Mixed Materials

    A reliable supplier won't just list "high accuracy" as a feature—they'll tie it to the real-world challenges of mixed materials (e.g., varying particle sizes, density differences). You should expect:

 

• Clear, application-specific accuracy metrics: For mixed products, the weigher should maintain consistent precision across different blends. This model offers ±0.1g accuracy and a 0.1g minimum scale interval, working for small batches (5g seed mixes) up to larger ones (1500g for 1.6L hoppers, 2000g for 2.5L hoppers). Before delivery, it's tested with common mixed materials (like 30% almond + 70% walnut blends) to ensure batches stay within tolerance.
• Adjustments for material variability: Mixed batches often have slight differences in particle distribution (e.g., one batch with more small nuts, another with more large ones). This weigher includes automatic compensation—using data from recent batches to tweak weights, helping avoid overpacking or underpacking.

 

2. Design That Fits Mixed Material Workflows

A true supplier's weigher should adapt to how you work, not force you to rework your process. Key features to look for include:

 

• Dual-compartment upper funnels: Loading two materials (e.g., oats and dried fruit) at once eliminates the need for pre-mixing before weighing—saving a step and reducing the risk of cross-contamination.
• Flexible hopper capacities: Choosing between 1.6L (for smaller, denser mixes like coffee-bean blends) or 2.5L (for bulkier mixes like oatmeal + nuts) means you don't have to deal with spills from undersized hoppers or wasted space from oversized ones.
• Switchable discharge chutes: If you use twin packaging machines for higher volume, the chute can switch between single and double without tools—helping you pair one weigher with two packagers to boost output.

 

3. Speed That Works With, Not Against, Stability

    High-volume mixed material production needs speed—but not at the cost of breakdowns or inaccurate batches. A quality supplier will balance both:

 

• Consistent speed for mixed loads: This model hits 140 packs per minute, which works for mid-to-high-volume lines (e.g., a breakfast cereal factory making 84,000 mixed oatmeal packs in a 10-hour shift). It uses staggered discharge to avoid bottlenecks, even when handling materials with different flow rates.
• Vibration and load cell stability: Mixed materials (like light oats and heavy nuts) can cause uneven flow. The weigher has separate vibrators to control each material layer's thickness, and an integral frame to reduce vibration that throws off weights. This helps keep accuracy consistent, even at full speed.
• Durability for daily use: Parts touching materials are food-grade stainless steel, and the design minimizes mechanical wear—so it can run 8+ hours a day, fitting long production shifts.

 

4. Transparent Value, Not Just Upfront Cost

    A trustworthy supplier will help you understand long-term costs, not just quote a low price. Look for:

 

• Low maintenance hassle: Modular parts mean if a hopper or sensor needs replacing, you only swap the faulty piece (not the whole head). The 10-inch touchscreen is intuitive, so your team can learn to operate and calibrate it quickly—cutting training time.
• Energy efficiency: It uses smart power management (idle heads shut down automatically) and a 220V, 50/60Hz supply, which helps reduce electricity use compared to older models—saving on long-term utility costs.

 

Conclusion

    A true high accuracy 20 head computer weigher supplier focuses on solving your problems—whether that's inconsistent mixed material weights, extra production steps, or unexpected maintenance costs. UUPAC's High Speed Mixing 20 Head 1.6/2.5L Combination Weigher is built to address these pain points, with features that fit mixed material workflows and support that extends beyond purchase.

   

    If your mixed material production is still held back by inconsistent weighing, extra pre-mixing steps, or slow output, UUPAC is ready to help. Reach out to share details of your blend—whether it's nuts + seeds, oats + dried fruit, or other custom mixes. We're looking forward to partnering with you！

When it comes to maintaining precise steering control and suspension stability—especially in trucks and SUVs—the side rod assembly plays an indispensable role. As part of FENGYU’s comprehensive steering and suspension lineup, we proudly introduce our high-quality Side Rod Assy 48510-01W00, engineered to restore factory-level performance across a wide range of popular vehicle models.

With over 30 years of manufacturing expertise in automotive steering systems, FENGYU delivers side rod assemblies designed for precision fit, enhanced durability, and easy installation. Whether you’re servicing a rugged pickup or a family SUV, our components help ensure safe and responsive handling under all road conditions.

 

Comprehensive Vehicle Coverage

FENGYU’s Side Rod Assy 48510-01W00 is developed with broad compatibility in mind. It is engineered to meet or exceed OE specifications for a variety of popular models, including:

• Nissan Side Rod Assembly – Compatible with Nissan Titan, Frontier, and Pathfinder

• Toyota Steering Rod – Suitable for Toyota Hilux, 4Runner, and Land Cruiser

• Ford Side Linkage – Ideal for Ford F-150, Ranger, and Expedition

• Chevrolet Steering Linkage – Fits Chevrolet Silverado, Tahoe, and Suburban

• Honda & Mazda Side Rod Assy – Optimized for Honda Pilot and Mazda BT-50

We also supply custom side rod assemblies for other American, Japanese, and European models—helping distributors and repair shops serve a diverse customer base with just one reliable source.

 

Built to Endure: Superior Materials & Engineering

Every FENGYU Side Rod Assy 48510-01W00 is manufactured using high-strength carbon steel and precision cold forging to ensure structural integrity under heavy loads and repeated stress. Key features include:

• Corrosion-Resistant Coating: Multi-layer zinc-nickel plating offers superior rust prevention, ideal for regions with salted roads or high humidity.

• Precision Ball Joints: Heat-treated pivot points and advanced polymer bushings reduce friction and wear, delivering smooth steering feedback and extended service life.

• OE-Equivalent Design: Dimensional accuracy within 0.01mm ensures hassle-free installation with no modifications required.

These engineering choices result in a long-lasting steering component that stands up to both daily commutes and demanding off-road use.

 

Customization & OEM/ODM Support

FENGYU understands the value of brand differentiation. We offer flexible OEM and ODM services for all side rod assemblies, including:

• Custom finishes such as black phosphate or electroplated zinc

• Laser-etched logos, part numbers, or barcodes

• Branded packaging options—from bulk poly bags to retail boxes

With a low MOQ of just 100 pieces, we help wholesalers and distributors build a unique product lineup without high inventory risk.

Rigorously Tested for Reliability

Each Side Rod Assy 48510-01W00 undergoes stringent validation under FENGYU’s IATF 16949 and ISO 9001-certified quality system. Tests include:

• Salt spray testing (up to 1,000 hours)

• Fatigue and torque endurance validation

• Dimensional and hardness inspections

 

These protocols ensure every assembly meets global performance and safety benchmarks.

Global Logistics & Expert Support

FENGYU maintains ready stock of over 100,000 steering and suspension components, including side rod assemblies, enabling fast order turnaround. Our experienced customer service team provides end-to-end support—from technical guidance to after-sales and warranty services—helping you maintain a trustworthy reputation in your local market.

Strengthen Your Steering Portfolio with FENGYU

 

As a factory-direct side rod assembly supplier, FENGYU combines competitive pricing, three decades of export experience, and proven product quality to help your business thrive.

Contact FENGYU today to request a free sample, catalog, or customized quotation. Let’s steer your success together.

 

 

1. Scope of Application

Applicable for testing the shrinkage temperature of leather.

2. Compliance Standards

Complies with ISO 3380, IULTCS/IUP 16, QB/T 2713-2005, and other standards.

3. Technical Parameters

3.1 Temperature Control Range: Ambient to 100°C, with tensile displacement distance 0-110mm;

3.2 Heating Rate: 2±0.2°C/min

3.3 Heating Medium: Distilled water or deionized water

3.4 Test Load: 0-3g

3.5 Instrument Dimensions: 630x330x450mm (L x W x H)

3.6. Instrument Weight: 17kg

3.7. Power Supply: Single-phase 220V, 50Hz

3.8. Control System: PLC

3.9. Operating Interface: 7-inch color touchscreen with Chinese/English language switching

3.10. Touchscreen displays test data curves and real-time temperature readings

4. Composition

The leather shrinkage temperature tester is a device used to measure the temperature at which leather shrinks during heating. This tester typically consists of a heating unit and a measurement system.

During the leather shrinkage temperature test, the sample is usually a small leather patch or fabric. The sample is placed in the heating device and heated to a specific temperature. As the temperature rises, the leather begins to shrink until it reaches the shrinkage temperature. The measuring system records and displays the leather's shrinkage temperature.

5. Applications

The leather shrinkage temperature tester is primarily used in the following areas:

5.1 Quality Control: Shrinkage temperature is a key indicator for assessing leather quality. By conducting shrinkage temperature tests, the leather's shrinkage performance can be evaluated to determine compliance with quality standards.

5.2 Material Research and Development: Testing the shrinkage temperatures of different materials helps R&D personnel understand the shrinkage characteristics of various leather types during heating, providing reference for new material development and improvement.

5.3 Production Process Optimization: Testing leather shrinkage temperatures under different heating conditions enables optimization of production processes, enhancing production efficiency and product quality.

5.4 Market Competitive Analysis: Understanding competitors' product shrinkage temperatures aids in formulating competitive strategies and market positioning.

Email: hello@utstesters.com

Direct: + 86 152 6060 5085

Tel: +86-596-7686689

Web: www.utstesters.com

Fabric waterproofness is a special requirement for clothing performance and can be categorized into two main categories: waterproofness and impermeability.

I. Waterproofing

Waterproofing is correctly termed "water repellency." A common method involves adding a hydrophobic compound additive to a liquid tank at the entrance of the finishing machine. The fabric is then fed into the tank, padded, and dried, depositing the hydrophobic compound on the fiber surface. The hydrophobic compound modifies the surface tension of the fibers, limiting their reactivity and reducing the attraction of water molecules to the fibers (fiber surface tension is less than the cohesive force of water molecules). Water forms rolling droplets on the fabric surface (much like a lotus leaf pushing dewdrops). This is also known as "water repellency" or "waterproofing" (abbreviated W/R). See the figure below:

Fabric pores allow air and water vapor to pass through, but if water remains trapped in these pores for extended periods or under pressure, it can still penetrate and even absorb moisture. When wearing waterproof clothing in the rain, water droplets will roll off or shake off, but whether the inner layer of the garment or any undergarments becomes damp depends on the amount of rain and the duration of exposure. The surface water-repellent effect of clothing gradually diminishes with washing and prolonged use, eventually becoming ineffective. Therefore, water repellency essentially reduces the fabric's ability to absorb water; it's not truly waterproof, but simply labeled "waterproof."

II. Waterproofing

Waterproofing is truly waterproof. "Waterproof" means resisting or preventing water penetration, which means it's truly waterproof.

True waterproof fabrics are superior to waterproof fabrics. Their physical and chemical properties are relatively stable and generally withstand washing and long-term use. True waterproofing creates an impermeable barrier on one side of the fabric, requiring a high water pressure rating, such as 3000mm or higher. Waterproofing typically involves applying a rubber-based layer or film to the reverse side of the fabric to prevent water penetration. Common methods include coating and lamination.Coating involves applying a fabric coating adhesive or film to one side of the fabric, creating a waterproof membrane. Common methods include direct coating (dry, wet, or hot melt) and transfer coating. Lamination typically involves pressing a layer of waterproof membrane material (commonly known as a "waterproof membrane") onto the fabric to form a single layer. Regardless of whether the fabric is waterproof or not, the membrane adhered to the fabric always acts as a barrier to water penetration. Another lamination method, hot melt calendering, bonds a polymer waterproof membrane to the fabric, achieving the same barrier effect.True waterproofness (or water penetration) is measured and evaluated by resistance to water pressure, measured in millimeters of water column. Using a fixed surface area of waterproof fabric, water is prevented from penetrating from one contact surface to the other. As water pressure increases, the pressure corresponding to the third drop of water penetrating from the surface is the fabric's resistance to water pressure. Generally speaking, fabrics that withstand a water pressure exceeding 1000 mm are considered to have basic waterproofing.

III. Fabric Waterproofing Test

1. Spray Method: AATCC 22-2025 Waterproofness Test 

Test Procedure: Under specified conditions and procedures, water is sprayed onto a stretched specimen to form a wet streak on the surface. The size of the wet streak correlates to the fabric's water repellency. The evaluation result is determined by comparing this wet streak with a standard wet streak.

AATCC Spray Tester

The spray method evaluates the water repellency of fabrics by continuously spraying or dripping water onto the specimen. After a specified period of time, the surface water stain characteristics of the specimen are observed and compared with photographs of specimens at different levels of wetting. The spray method simulates the degree of wetting experienced by clothing in light rain.

This method is applicable to all waterproof and non-waterproof fabrics. The measured waterproof performance results are closely related to the fiber, yarn, fabric treatment and fabric structure. It is usually measured using a spray-type waterproof tester. In the AATCC 22-2005 test method, the test sample is fixed with an iron ring. The sample is kept taut and the surface is flat and wrinkle-free. Distilled water is sprayed from a standard nozzle at a 45-degree angle, aimed at the sample below the nozzle, for 25-30 seconds. The bottom of the iron ring holding the sample is tapped once on a solid object with the test surface facing the solid object. The iron ring is then rotated 180° and tapped again. The sprayed sample surface is then compared with the standard chart and scored to evaluate the waterproof performance of the fabric.

The rating scale is 5, with 5 being the best and 1 being the worst. Level 5: No water droplets on the specimen surface; Level 4: Slightly wet spots on the specimen surface; Level 3: Obvious raindrops on the specimen surface; Level 2: Partially wet specimen surface; Level 1: Completely wet specimen surface.

2. Hydrostatic Pressure Test: AATCC 127-2003 Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure Test

Test Procedure: Apply water pressure to one side of the specimen at a steadily increasing rate until three water penetrations are observed on the other side. Water pressure can be applied from the top or bottom of the specimen. Hydrostatic Pressure Tester

Hydrostatic Head Tester

The hydrostatic pressure test measures the water permeability of a fabric under a certain water pressure. This test is suitable for all types of fabrics, including those with water-repellent treatments.

A fabric's water repellency is related to the water resistance of the fibers, yarns, and fabric structure, and differs from the results obtained when water is sprayed or rained on the fabric surface. There are two methods for measuring fabric water repellency: static pressure and dynamic pressure. The static pressure method applies hydrostatic pressure to one side of the fabric and measures the amount of water released under this pressure, the time it takes for the water to drip off, and the hydrostatic pressure at a given water release rate. Hydrostatic pressure can be expressed as the height of a water column or pressure. In actual testing, water permeability per unit area and per unit time (mL/cm²·h) is measured.For waterproof fabrics, the time it takes for a water drop to appear on the other side of the sample is measured, or the number of water drops that appear on the other side after a certain period of time is observed. In the AATCC 127-2003 test method, at least three samples measuring 200 mm x 200 mm are taken diagonally from the sample to be tested. The two sides of the sample are marked with different water resistance levels. The test is conducted using distilled water at (21 ± 2)°C over a test area of 100 cm². The test surface is immersed in water, and the water pressure is increased at a rate of 60 mbar/min (or 10 mm/s).The test is terminated if water droplets appear at three different locations on the sample. However, water droplets appearing within 3 mm of the sample holder are invalid. The test result is the average of three test samples tested under the same conditions. The higher the test value, the greater the pressure required for water to seep out of the sample, indicating better water resistance.

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Color matching light boxes, as optoelectronic devices for color inspection, typically incorporate multiple types of standard light sources internally. However, the specific light sources configured vary across different models of color matching light boxes. Below is an introduction to the most commonly used light sources in color matching light boxes.

The most commonly used color-matching light sources in standard light boxes include A, D65, TL84, CWF, and U30. These light sources are often combined and arranged by professional manufacturers within a single standard light box for customer use. Different light boxes may have varying configurations to meet the diverse needs of different customers.

1. A (INCA) Light Source

The A light source is a gas-filled spiral tungsten filament lamp with a color temperature of 2856K. It is a typical incandescent lamp primarily used for accent lighting in residential interiors or retail spaces.

2. D65 Light Source

Among the D-series standard illuminants, CIE recommends D65 as the preferred illuminant. D65 represents average daylight with a correlated color temperature of 6500K, derived from measurements of overcast northern hemisphere daylight at a north-facing window—averaged across all seasons and times of day. D65 is an indispensable standard light source in numerous standards, including ISO 105-A01 “General Rules for Testing the Colour Fastness of Textiles” and ASTM D1729 “Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Opaque Materials.” However, due to the unique spectral power distribution of D65, no artificial light source currently exists that can emit light with an identical spectral power distribution to D65; only approximate simulations are possible. In most standard lightboxes, two high-color-rendering fluorescent lamps are used to simulate the D65 light source. In the GretagMacbeth SPLⅢ standard lightbox, however, tungsten-filtered halogen lamps employ tungsten-filtered technology to simulate the D65 light source.

3. Commercial Lighting Sources (F Series)

The TL84 (F) light source belongs to the F series of fluorescent light sources, a proprietary product of Philips. Widely used in Marks & Spencer stores across the UK, it has become a key commercial color-matching light source in the European market. The TL84 light source typically employs Philips' “TLD” (thin-walled) fluorescent tubes coated with rare-earth phosphors. It is a trichromatic fluorescent lamp with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4000K. CWF light source (F2) is primarily used in commercial and office settings in the United States, with a correlated color temperature of 4150K. CWF stands for Cool White Fluorescent.

U30/TL83 light source (F12): U30, fully named Ultralume3000, is also a trichromatic fluorescent lamp with a correlated color temperature of 3000K. Sears department stores across the United States utilize U30 tubes manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The U30 light source is equivalent to the TL83 light source used in Europe. In the GretagMacbeth Judge II standard lightbox, the Philips TL83 fluorescent lamp is employed to achieve the U30 light source.

4. Other Light Sources

In addition to the above light sources, standard light boxes typically include a UV light source. This ultraviolet lamp is often used alone or in combination with other light sources to inspect fabrics for whitening agents and fluorescent dyes. Additionally, some light boxes feature a HOR (HORIZON) light source. This halogen tungsten lamp simulates daylight during dawn or dusk.

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In the hardware industry, small components such as thumbtacks, screws, rivets, and washers may seem insignificant, but they directly affect product quality and customer experience. Traditional manual sorting is inefficient, error-prone, and costly. With advanced imaging and AI recognition technology, the GroTech Color Sorter delivers high-efficiency sorting and defect removal, helping manufacturers reduce costs, improve efficiency, and build a stable and reliable quality reputation.

Challenges in Hardware Sorting

In the production of thumbtacks, screws, and other small hardware, quality issues often arise:

• Inconsistent colors affecting overall appearance.

• Surface impurities or defects lowering customer satisfaction.

• Manual sorting inefficiency, requiring high labor costs with limited accuracy.

These challenges limit productivity and hinder the pursuit of high-quality, large-scale manufacturing.

Advantages of GroTech Color Sorter

1. High-Definition Recognition & Precision Sorting

Equipped with advanced optical imaging and AI algorithms, the GroTech Color Sorter can quickly detect color differences and surface defects in thumbtacks, screws, rivets, and washers, removing defective pieces with high-speed air-jet technology.

2. Improved Product Consistency

By ensuring every batch of hardware parts has uniform color and appearance, GroTech enhances product reliability and strengthens brand trust in competitive markets.

3. Cost Reduction & Efficiency Boost

One GroTech Color Sorter can replace multiple workers in manual sorting, enabling continuous, automated production that significantly lowers labor costs while increasing throughput.

4. Wide Applications

Beyond thumbtacks, the GroTech Color Sorter is also suitable for screws, nuts, rivets, washers, and other small hardware components, making it a versatile solution for the hardware manufacturing industry.

A Quality Guardian in the Era of Smart Manufacturing

As industrial automation accelerates, intelligent hardware sorting has become an inevitable trend. With its efficiency, precision, and stability, the GroTech Color Sorter is becoming the “quality guardian” for more and more hardware manufacturers.